References and Further Reading

“A Fat Lot of Good” and “The Diabetes Plan” Dr Peter Brukner

Book covers: one titled 'A Fat Lot of Good' with images of healthy foods, and the other titled 'The Diabetes Plan' with images of healthy meals, both by Dr. Peter Brukner.

“The Big Fat Surprise” Nina Teichalz

The Big Fat Surprise Cover

“The Obesity Code” Dr Jason Fung

The Obesity Code Book Cover

“Why We Get Sick” Benjamin Bikman

Why We Get Sick Book Cove

“Good Calories, Bad Calories” Gary Taubes

Good Calories Bad Calories Book Cover

“The Gut Brain Paradox” Steven Gundry, MD.

The Gut Brain Paradox Book Cover

“The Ketogenic: The Science of Therapeutic Carbohydrate Restriction in Human Health” Tim Noakes, Tazmyn Murphey, Neville Wellington, Hassina Kaiee, Jayne Bullen, Sarah Rice, Candice Egnos.

Ketogenic Book Cover

This is a must read for any health professions interested in practicing in Therapeutic Carbohydrate Restriction. It contains the most up-to-date and evidence-based science and research available in the field of TCR. This book explores the appropriate, safe, and effective use of TCR to improve patient outcomes in a broad range of chronic metabolic conditions and aims to promote health.

  • Nutritional Network. Therapeutic carbohydrate restriction

  • Society of Metabolic Health Practitioners: guidelines for implementing therapeutic carbohydrate reduction as a dietary intervention in hospitals or clinics; https://thesmhp.org/clinical-guidelines/

  • How lobbyists made breakfast ‘the most important meal of the day’. The Guardian. Available at theguardian.com/lifestyle/2016/nov/28/breakfast-health-America-kellog-food-lifestyle.

  • Pontzer H, Debunking the hunter-gatherer workout. New York Times 2012 Aug 24. Available from http://nytimes.com/2012/08/26/opinion/sunday/debunking-the-hunter-gatherer-workout.html?_r=0.

  • Dugani, S.B., Moorthy, M.V, Li, C., Demler, O.V., Alsheikh-Ali, A.A., Ridker, P.M., Glynn, R.J., Mora, S.M. Association of lipids, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers with age at onset for incidence of coronary heart disease in women. JAMA Cardiology; 6 (4): 437-444. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.7073

  • Unwin, D., Delon, C., Unwin, J. Tobin, S., Taylor, R. What predicts drug-free type 2 diabetes remission? Insights from an 8-year general practice service evaluation of lower carbohydrate diet with weight loss. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health 2023. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000544

  • Fothergill, E., Guo, J., Howard, L., Kerns, J., Knuth, N. Brychta, R, Chen, K.Y., Skarulis, M.C., Walter, M., Walter, P.J., Hall, K.D. Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition. Obesity; 2016; 24 (8); 1612-1619. doi.org/10.1002/oby.21538

  • Ravussin, E. & Ryan, D. Energy expenditure and weight control: is the biggest loser the best loser? Obesity 2016; 25 (8); 1607-1606. DOI:10.1002/oby.21586

  • Noakes, T.K. Hiding unhealthy heart outcomes in a low-fat diet trial: the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial finds that postmenopausal women with established coronary heart disease were at increased risk of an adverse outcome if they consumed a low-fat ‘heart-healthy’ diet. Open Heart 2021; 8. doi:10.1136/ openhrt-2021-001680. Available at https://openheart.bmj.com/content/openhrt/8/2/e001680.full.pdf

  • Evans, C.E., Greenwood, D.C., Threapleton, D..E., Gale, C.P., Cleghorn, C., Burley, V.J. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; 2017; 105(5):1176-1190. Doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.143685.

  • Tiwari, S., Riazi, S., Ecelbarger, C. Insulin's impact on renal sodium transport and blood pressure in health, obesity, and diabetes. American Journal of Physiology – Renal Physiology. 2007. 293(4):p974-84.  doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00149.2007

  • Unwin, D., Delon, C., Unwin, J. Tobin, S., Taylor, R. What predicts drug-free type 2 diabetes remission? Insights from an 8-year general practice service evaluation of lower carbohydrate diet with weight loss. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention and Health 2023. doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000544

  • The “Minnesota Starvation Experiment” was published in 1950 in a two-volume report called the “The Biology of Human Starvation” by the University of Minnesota Press.

  • Livesey, G., Livesey, H. Coronary Heart Disease and Dietary Carbohydrate, Glycemic Index, and Glycemic Load: Dose-Response Meta-analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies. Mayo Clinical Proceedings; Innovations, Quality and Outcomes. 2019, 3, 52-59. Doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2018.12.007

  • Heileson, J.L. Dietary saturated fat and heart disease; a narrative review. Nutrition Reviews. 2020; 78 (6): 474-485.  DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz091

  • Lee, J. H., Duster, M., Roberts, T., Devinsky, O. United States Dietary Trends Since 1800: Lack of Association Between Saturated Fatty Acid Consumption and Non-communicable Diseases. Frontiers in Nutrition; 2021; 8. Doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748847

  • Whitehead, J.M., McNeill, G., Smith, J.S.  The effect of protein intake on 24-h energy expenditure during energy restriction. International Journal of Obesity and Related Disorders. 1996; 8 (727-32).

  • Mikkelsen, P.B., Toubro, S., Astrup, A. Effect of fat-reduced diets on 24-h energy expenditure: comparisons between animal protein, vegetable protein, and carbohydrate. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.  2000 Nov;72(5):1135-41 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1135

  • Bray, G.A., Smith, S.R., De Jong, L., Xie, Hui, Rood, J., Martin, C.K., Most, M., Brock, C., Mancuso, S., Redman, Leanne, M. Effect of dietary protein content on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition during overeating: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012: 4 (307); 47-55.  doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1918.

  • Haines, M.S., Dichtel, L.E., Santoso, K., Torriani, M., Miller, K., Bredella, M. A. Association between muscle mass and insulin sensitivity independent of detrimental adipose depots in young adults with overweight/obesity. International Journal of Obesity. 2020; 44 (9); 1851-1858. Doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-0590-y

  • Glick, D., Barth, S., MacLeod, K.F. Autophagy: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Journal of Pathology, 2010;221(1):3–12. Doi: 10.1002/path.2697

  • Levine, B., Klionsky, D. Autophagy wins the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Breakthroughs in baker's yeast fuel advances in biomedical research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2016; 114(2):201–205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1619876114

  • Evans, C.E., Greenwood, D.C., Threapleton, D..E., Gale, C.P., Cleghorn, C., Burley, V.J. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; 2017; 105(5):1176-1190. Doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.143685.

  • Tiwari, S., Riazi, S., Ecelbarger, C. Insulin's impact on renal sodium transport and blood pressure in health, obesity, and diabetes. American Journal of Physiology – Renal Physiology. 2007. 293(4):p974-84.  doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00149.2007

  • Heileson, J.L. Dietary saturated fat and heart disease; a narrative review. Nutrition Reviews. 2020; 78 (6): 474-485.  DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz091

  • Lee, J. H., Duster, M., Roberts, T., Devinsky, O. United States Dietary Trends Since 1800: Lack of Association Between Saturated Fatty Acid Consumption and Non-communicable Diseases. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2021; 8. Doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748847

  • Matthews, D.R., Hosker, J.P., Rudenski,  A.S., Naylor, B.A., Treacher, D.R., Turner, R.C. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985; 28(7):412-9. DOI: 10.1007/BF00280883.